![]() ![]() ![]() In his seminal work, David Bartholomae argues thatĮvery time a student sits down to write for us, he has to invent the university for the occasion-invent the university, that is, or a branch of it, like History or Anthropology or Economics or English. Type: Author’s credentials are indicated. Types of Attributive Tags (attributive tag is underlined in each example) While providing the author’s credentials and title of the source are the most common attributions used, there are others we should be aware of. Style will vary with studies including multiple authors. When using APA style, list the author’s first initial and last name. In most instances, the first time the author is mentioned in an MLA style essay, it is a good idea to provide an attributive tag as well as the author’s first and last name. In addition to setting up the source evidence, attribution tags can also be used as meaningful transitions moving your readers between your ideas and those of your support. While many students may see attributive tags as filler, they can provide the audience with valuable insight into how you, the writer, intend the quoted material to be read/viewed. Why Use Signal Phrases and Attributive Tags? See below for examples of strong signal phrase verbs. While it’s important to use signal phrase verbs, you’ll want to make sure that you vary them to avoid repetition (rather than simply using “states” throughout your entire essay for example) in order to maintain your readers’ interest and to indicate the author’s intended use of the excerpted material. Notice how each signal phrase verb is followed by a comma, which is then followed by one space before the opening quotation mark. She then states, “To pay constant, fixed attention to a thought or an image may be a kind of oxymoron” (39). Langer continues, “Thus, for students who have trouble paying attention the problem may be that they are following the wrong instructions” (39). Langer observes, “For us to pay attention to something for any amount of time, the image must be varied” (39). Any future signal phrase should refer to the author by last name only or with a pronoun when it’s perfectly clear to whom the pronoun refers.Įllen J. But in MLA papers, if you are referring to an author for the first time in your essay, you should include that author’s first name. APA style guidelines require no reference to a first name at any point in an essay and few if any gender specific pronouns. In most instances, a signal phrase should contain only the last name of the author or authors of the source text (as opposed to the author’s first and last name). Referring to the Author within a Signal Phrase It is important for beginning academic writers to use signal phrases to clearly attribute textual evidence to an author and to avoid interrupting the flow of an essay. A basic signal phrase is a device used to smoothly integrate quotations and paraphrases into your essay and consists of an author’s name and an active verb indicating how the author is presenting the material. What you have to say is more important than the passage you are citing, so you want the information leading into your evidence/ support to work to your advantage. ![]() The slogan “Just Do It” was highly successful for Nike, an athletic apparel company.
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